Mark 1

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Mark 1

1 The beginning of the Good News of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 2 As it is written in the prophets,

“Behold, I send my messenger before your face, 
who will prepare your way before you. 
3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 
‘Make ready the way of the Lord! 
Make his paths straight!’”

4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins. 5 All the country of Judea and all those of Jerusalem went out to him. They were baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins. 6 John was clothed with camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist. He ate locusts and wild honey. 7 He preached, saying,

אתי מן דחייל מיני בתרי

ethey man dehaiel meni bathari

“After me comes he who is mightier than I,

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TR Ἕρχεται ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου
WH ἔρχεται ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου
ܡܢܝ ܕܚܝܠܬܢ ܒܬܪܝ × ܐܬܐ ܗܐ P
ܒܬܪܝ݂ ܡܢܝ ܕܚܝܘܠ ܕܢ ܗܘ ܐܬܐ݂ × CCR(109.a)
ܒܬ݁ܪܝ܇ ܡܢܝ ܕܚܝܘܠ ܗܢܝܢ ܗܘ ܐܬ݁ܐ × CodexB
ܒܬ݁ܪܝ܇ ܡܢܝ ܕܚܝܘܠ ܗܕܢ ܗܘ ܐܬ݁ܐ × CodexA
ܒܬ݁ܪܝ܇ ܡܢܝ ܕܚܝܘܠ ܗܢܝܢ ܗܘ ܐܬ݁ܐ × CodexC
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דלית אנה שווי מיברך 1 ומישרי ערקתא דסנדלוי 2

deleth enah shauwey mivrak 1 wemishrey ceraqtha desandloi 2

the thong of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and loosen.

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[1] Or /mit]kna(ah/. [2] Or /d:masnowiy/.
TR οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς κύψας λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ
WH οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς κύψας λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ
ܕܡܣܢܘܗܝ̈ ܥܪܩܐ̈ ܐܫܪܐ ܕܐܓܗܢ ܐܢܐ ܫܘܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܘ P
ܕܡܣܢܗ܇ ܥܪܩܬܐ ܝܐܫܪܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܗܕܢ CCR(109.a)
ܕܡܣܢܗ܇ ܥܪܩܬ݁ܐ ܝܫܪܐ ܕܝܡܘܟ ܕܡܘܠܝ ܐܢܐ ܕܠܝܬ݁ ܕܝܢ CodexB
ܕܡ̈ܣܢܘܗܝ܇ ܥܪܩܬ݁ܐ ܝܫܪܐ ܕܝܡܘܟ ܕܘܡܠܐܝ ܐܢܐ ܕܠܝܬ݁ ܕܢ CodexA
ܕܡܣܢܘܝ܇ ܥܪܩܬ݁ܐ ܝܫܪܐ ܕܝܡܫܘܟ ܕܡܠܝܝ ܐܢܐ ܕܠܝܬ݁ ܕܝܢ CodexC
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8

אנה צבעית לכון במיין

nah çbaceth lkon bemaiyin

I baptized you in water,

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TR ἐγὼ μὲν ἐβάπτισα ὑμᾶς ἐν ὕδατι αὐτὸς
WH ἐγὼ × ἐβάπτισα ὑμᾶς × ὕδατι αὐτὸς
ܒܡܝܐ̈ ܐܥܡܕܬܟܘܢ ܐܢܐ P
ܒܡܝ̈ܢ݂ ܝܬܟܘܢ ܐܨܒܥܝܬ ܐܢܐ CCR(109.a)
ܒܡܝܢ܇ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܐܨܒܝܥ ܐܢܐ CodexB
ܒܡܝܢ܇ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܐܨܒܥܬ݁ ܐܢܐ CodexA
ܒܡܝܢ܇ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܐܨܒܥܬ݁ ܐܢܐ CodexC
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ברם יצבע לכון ברוח קודשה

bram yeçvac lekon beruah qudshah

but he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit.”

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TR δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ
WH δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ
ܕܩܘܕܫܐ܀ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܢܥܡܕܟܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܗܘ P
ܕܩܘܕܫܐ܀ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܝܬܟܘܢ ܝܐ݂ܨܒܥ ܕܝ ܗܘ CCR(109.a)
ܕܩܘܕܫܐ; ܒܪܘܚܐ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܨܒܝܥ ܕܝ ܗܘ CodexB
ܕܩܘܕܫܐ; ܒܪܘܚܐ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܝ݁ܥܡܕ ܕܝ ܗܘ CodexA
ܕܩܘܕܫܐ; ܒܪܘܚܐ ܝܬ݁ܟܘܢ ܨܒܥ ܕܝ ܗܘ CodexC
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9 In those days, Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 10 Immediately coming up from the water, he saw the heavens parting, and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. 11 A voice came out of the sky,

את הוא ברי חביבה

at hu beri habibah

“You are my beloved Son,

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TR Σὺ εἶ υἱός μου ἀγαπητός
WH σὺ εἶ υἱός μου ἀγαπητός
ܚܒܝܒܐ ܒܪܝ ܗܘ ܐܢܬ P
ܚܒܝܒܝ ܒܪܝ ܗܘ ܐܬ CodexB
ܚܒܝܒܝ ܒܪܝ ܗܘ ܐܬ CodexA
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בך אצטבעית

bak eçtebceth

in whom I am well pleased.”

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TR ἐν εὐδόκησα
WH ἐν σοὶ εὐδόκησα
ܐܨܛܒܝܬ܀ ܒܟ P
ܨܒܬ݁ ܕܒܟ CodexB
ܨܒܝ݂ܬ݁ ܕܒܟ CodexA
ܨܒܝܬ݁ ܕܒܟ CodexC
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12 Immediately the Spirit drove him out into the wilderness. 13 He was there in the wilderness forty days tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals; and the angels were serving him.

14 Now after John was taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the Good News of the Kingdom of God, 15 and saying,

שלם ליה זימנה

shlam leh zimnah

“The time is fulfilled,

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TR Πεπλήρωται καιρὸς
WH πεπλήρωται καιρὸς
ܙܒܢܐ ܠܗ ܫܠܡ P
ܙܒܢܐ × ܫܠܡ SyrS
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ומטיית מלכותה דאלהה

wematyath malkuthah deelahah

and the Kingdom of God is at hand!

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TR καὶ ἤγγικεν βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
WH καὶ ἤγγικεν βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܘܡܛܬ P
ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܘܡܛܝܬ SyrS
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תובו והיימנון בבשׂורתה

tuvu wehaimenun bevśorthah

Repent, and believe in the Good News.”

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TR μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ
WH μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ
ܒܣܒܪܬܐ ܘܗܝܡܢܘ ܬܘܒܘ P
ܒܣܒܪܬܗ܇ ܘܗܝܡܢܘ ܬܘܒܘ SyrS
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16 Passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 17 Jesus said to them,

אתון בתרי

ethun bathari

“Come after me,

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TR Δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου
WH δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου
ܒܬܪܝ ܬܘ P
ܒܬܪܝ܇ ܬܘ SyrS
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ואעביד לכון ציידייה דבני נשה

wecved lekon çaidaiyah devney nashah

and I will make you into fishers for men.”

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TR καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων
WH καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων
ܕܒܢܝ̈ܐܢܫܐ̈ ܨܝܕܐ̈ ܘܐܥܒܕܟܘܢ P
ܐܢܫܐ܇ ܕܒܢ̈ܝ ܨܝ̈ܕܐ ܘܐܥܒܕܟܘܢ SyrS
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18 Immediately they left their nets, and followed him. 19 Going on a little further from there, he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John, his brother, who were also in the boat mending the nets. 20 Immediately he called them, and they left their father, Zebedee, in the boat with the hired servants, and went after him. 21 They went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught. 22 They were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as having authority, and not as the scribes. 23 Immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit, and he cried out, 24saying,

מה לן ולך ישוע נזרייה1

mah lan welak yeshuac nazraiyah1

“Ha! What do we have to do with you, Jesus, you Nazarene?

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[1] In Galilean the root for the Nazarite’s vow is /nzr/.
TR Ἕα, τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ
WH × τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ
ܢܨܪܝܐ ܝܫܘܥ; ܘܠܟ ܠܢ ܡܐ P
ܢܨܪܝܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܠܟ ܠܢ ܡܐ SyrS
ܢܙܪܝܐ݂܇ ܝܣܘܣ ܘܠܟ ܠܢ ܡܐ CCR(109.a)
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אתיית מובדה לן

ethyat movdah lan

Have you come to destroy us?

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TR ἦλθες ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς
WH ἦλθες ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς
ܠܡܘܒܕܘܬܢ × ܐܬܝܬ P
ܠܡܘܒܕܘܬܢ × ܐܬܝܬ SyrS
ܝܬܢ܀ ܕܬܘܒܝܕ ܓܪ ܐܬܝܬ CCR(109.a)
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אנה ידע לך מן את קדישה דאלהה

enah yadac lak man at qadishah delahah

I know you who you are: the Holy One of God!”

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TR οἶδά σε τίς εἶ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ
WH οἶδά σε τίς εἶ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ
ܕܐܠܗܐ × ܩܕܝܫܗ; ܐܢܬ ܡܢ ܠܟ ܐܢܐ ܝܕܥ P
ܕܐܠܗܐ ܐܢܬ ܕܩܕܝܫܗ ܐܢܬ ܡܢ ܠܟ ܝܕܥܢܐ SyrS
ܕܐ݂ܠܗܐ܀ × ܩܕܝܫܗ ܐܬ ܡ݂ܢ ܠܟ ܐܢܐ ܡܟܪ CCR(109.a)
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25 Jesus rebuked him, saying,

זום פימך 1 2 ופוק מיניה

zom pimak 1 2 wefuq meneh

“Be quiet, and come out of him!”

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[1] The Greek literally reads “muzzle yourself”. The Peshitta and CPA use /skr/ or “shut up.” In Galilean /zmm/ exists, “to muzzle” and is attested as /zwm pymk/ (“shut up”). [2] The vowel in /p:m/, when long in the Emphatic State is probably like IPA /y/, which is why it’s found spelled with both yod and waw. In Palestinian vowels, the Absolute is pointed with tsrey, signifying shwa. This is a Western Aramaic quirk.
TR Φιμώθητι καὶ ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ
WH φιμώθητι καὶ ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ
ܡܢܗ ܘܦܘܩ ܦܘܡܟ ܣܟܘܪ P
ܡܢܗ ܘܦܘܩ ܦܘܡܟ ܣܟܘܪ SyrS
^ܡܢ^ܗ܀ ܘܦܘܩ ܦܝܡܟ ܣܘܟܘܪ CCR(109.a)
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26 The unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him. 27 They were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying,

מה הוא דן מן הוא אולפן חדת

mah hu den man hu ulpan hedath

“What is this? A new teaching?

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TR Τί ἐστιν τοῦτο τις διδαχὴ καινὴ αὑτη,
WH τί ἐστιν τοῦτο × × διδαχὴ × καινὴ ×
ܚܕܬܐ; ܗܢܐ ܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܡܢܘ ܗܕܐ ܗܝ ܕܡܢܐ P
ܚܕܬܐ × ܝܘܠܦܢܐ × ܗܢܐ ܗܘ ܡܢܐ SyrS
ܗܘ ܡܐ CCR(109.a)
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בגין בחייל הוא פקיד אוף רוחייה מסאבתה

bagin behail hu paqed op ruhaiyah mesavathah

For with authority he commands even the unclean spirits,

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TR ὅτι κατ᾽ ἐξουσίαν καὶ τοῖς πνεύμασιν τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις ἐπιτάσσει
WH × κατ’ ἐξουσίαν καὶ τοῖς πνεύμασι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις ἐπιτάσσει
ܦܩܕ × ܛܢܦܬܐ̈ ܠܪܘܚܐ̈ ܘܐܦ ܕܒܫܘܠܛܢܐ × × P
× ܛܢܦܬܐ ܠܖ̈ܘܚܐ × ܘܦܩܕ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܠܗ ܕܐܝܬ SyrS
ܡܦܩ܇ ܗܘ ܡܣܐ̈{ܒ}ܬܐ ܠܖ̈ܘܚܬܐ ܐܘܦ ܕܒܫܘܠܛܢܘ CCR(109.a)
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ושמעין ליה

weshamcin leh

and they obey him!”

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TR καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ
WH καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ
ܠܗ ܘܡܫܬܡܥܢ̈ × P
ܠܗ܇ ܘܡܫܬܡܥܢ × SyrS
ܠܗ܇ ܡܫ̈ܬܡܥܝܢ ܘܗܢܘܢ CCR(109.a)
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28 The report of him went out immediately everywhere into all the region of Galilee and its surrounding area.

29 Immediately, when they had come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. 30 Now Simon’s wife’s mother lay sick with a fever, and immediately they told him about her. 31 He came and took her by the hand, and raised her up. The fever left her, and she served them. 32 At evening, when the sun had set, they brought to him all who were sick, and those who were possessed by demons. 33 All the city was gathered together at the door. 34 He healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons. He didn’t allow the demons to speak, because they knew him.

35 Early in the morning, while it was still dark, he rose up and went out, and departed into a deserted place, and prayed there.36 Simon and those who were with him followed after him; 37 and they found him, and told him,

כל נש בעיין לך

kal nash bacain lak

“Everyone is looking for you.”

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TR Πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε
WH πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε
ܠܟ × ܒܥܝܢ × ܐܢܫܐ̈ ܟܠܗܘܢ P
ܠܟ܇ ܗܘܘ ܒܥܝܢ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܐܢܫܐ SyrS
ܠܟ ܒܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܥܡܐ ܟܘܠ CodexB
ܠܟ ܒܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܥܡܐ ܟܘܠ CodexA
ܠܟ ܒܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܥܡܐ ܟܘܠ CodexC
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38 He said to them,

ניזיל למדינתה קריבתה

nezel lemdinatah qarivathah

“Let’s go elsewhere into the next towns,

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TR Ἄγωμεν × εἰς τὰς ἐχομένας κωμοπόλεις
WH ἄγωμεν ἀλλαχοῦ εἰς τὰς ἐχομένας κωμοπόλεις
ܕܩܪܝܒܢ̈; ܘܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ̈ ܠܩܘܪܝܐ̈ × ܗܠܟܘ P
ܕܩܪܝܒܢ܇ ܘܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܠܩܘܖ̈ܝܐ ܢܐܙܠ ܗܠܟܘ SyrS
ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ܠܡܕܢܬܐ × ܢܝܙܝܠ × CodexB
ܕܩܖ̈ܝܒܢ ܠܡܕܢ̈ܬ݁ܐ × ܢܝܙܝܠ × CodexA
ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ܠܡܕܢܬܐ × ܢܙܝܠ × CodexC
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דאוף תמן אכריז

deof taman akrez

that I may preach there also,

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TR ἵνα κἀκεῖ κηρύξω
WH ἵνα καὶ ἐκεῖ κηρύξω
ܐܟܪܙ ܬܡܢ ܕܐܦ P
ܐܟܪܙ܇ ܬܡܢ ܘܐܦ SyrS
ܢܟܪܝܙ܇ ܬ݁ܡܢ ܕܐܘܦ CodexB
ܢܟܪܝܙ܇ ܬ݁ܡܢ ܕܐܘܦ CodexA
ܢܟܪܝܙ܇ ܬ݁ܡܢ ܕܐܘܦ CodexC
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בגין להדה נפקית

bagin lehadah nafqeth

because I came out for this reason.”

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TR εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξελήλυθα
WH εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξῆλθον
ܐܬܝܬ ܓܝܪ × ܠܗܕܐ P
ܐܬܝܬ܇ ܓܝܪ ܗܘ ܠܗܕܐ SyrS
ܢܦܩܬ܇ ܓܪ × ܠܗܕܐ CodexB
ܢܦܩܬ܇ ܓܪ × ܠܗܕܐ CodexA
ܢܦܩܬ܇ ܓܪ × ܠܗܕܐ CodexC
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39 He went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out demons.

40 A leper came to him, begging him, kneeling down to him, and saying to him,

אן את בעי 1 את יכיל 2 למדכייה לי

en at bacey 1 at yekel 2 lemedakyah li

“If you want to, you can make me clean.”

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[1] Or /cab]ey/. [2] Or /ma$kax/.
TR Ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι
WH ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι
ܠܡܕܟܝܘܬܝ ܐܢܬ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܬ ܨܒܐ ܐܢ × P
ܠܡܕܟܝܘܬܢܝ ܐܢܬ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܬ ܨܒܐ ܐܢ × SyrS
ܝܬ݁ܝ ܕܬ݁ܕܟܐ × ܝܟܝܠ ܐܬ ܨܒܐ ܐܢ ܡܪܐ CodexB
ܝܬ݁ܝ ܕܬ݁ܕܟܐ × ܝ݁ܟ݂ܠ ܐܬ ܨܒܐ ܐܢ ܡܪܐ CodexA
ܝܬ݁ܝ ܕܬ݁ܕܟܐ × ܝܟܝܠ ܐܬ ܨܒܐ ܐܢ ܡܪܐܢ CodexC
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41 Being moved with compassion, he stretched out his hand, and touched him, and said to him,

אנה בעי אדכי

enah bacey edakey

“I want to. Be made clean.”

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TR Θέλω καθαρίσθητι
WH θέλω καθαρίσθητι
ܐܬܕܟܐ ܐܢܐ ܨܒܐ P
ܐܬܕܟܐ܇ ܨܒܢܐ SyrS
ܐܬ݁ܕܟܝ ܐܢܐ ܨܒܐ CodexB
ܐܕܟܝ݂ ܐܢܐ ܨܒܐ CodexA
ܐܕܟܝ ܐܢܐ ܨܒܐ CodexC
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42 When he had said this, immediately the leprosy departed from him, and he was made clean. 43 He strictly warned him, and immediately sent him out, 44 and said to him,

הא 1 תימר לא נש כלום

ha 1 temar la nash klom

“See you say nothing to anybody,

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[1] Or /xmiy/ or /sab]/.
TR Ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς
WH ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς
× ܐܢܬ ܐܡܪ ܠܐܢܫ ܠܡܐ ܚܙܝ P
ܕܠܡܐ ܚܙܝ SyrS
ܟܘܠܡ܇ ܬ݁ܡܘܪ ܠܐ × × CodexB
ܟܝ݂ܠܘ݁ܡ܇ ܬ݁ܡܘܪ ܠܐ × × CodexA
ܟܘܠܡ܇ ܬ݁ܡܘܪ ܠܐ × × CodexC
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ברם אזיל חמי גרמך לכהנה

bram ezel hami garmak lekahanah

but go show yourself to the priest,

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TR ἀλλ᾽ ὕπαγε σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ
WH ἀλλὰ ὕπαγε σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ
ܠܟܗܢܐ̈; ܢܦܫܟ ܚܘܐ ܙܠ ܐܠܐ P
ܠܟܗܢܐ܇ ܓܪܡܟ ܐܘܕܝܥ ܐܙܝܠ ܐܠܐ CodexB
ܠܟܗܢܐ܇ ܓܪܡܟ ܐܘ݁ܕܥ݂ ܐܙܠ݂ ܐܠܐ CodexA
ܠܟܗܢܝܐ ܓܪܡܟ ܐܘܕܥ ܐܙܝܠ ܐܠܐ CodexC
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וקריב קורבנה חולף דכיותך מה דפקד משה

weqriv qorbanah holaf dakyuthak mah defeqad moshah

and offer for your cleansing the things which Moses commanded,

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TR καὶ προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου προσέταξεν Μωσῆς,
WH καὶ προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς
ܡܘܫܐ ܕܦܩܕ ܐܝܟܢܐ × ܬܕܟܝܬܟ; ܚܠܦ ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ܘܩܪܒ P
ܡܘܫܐ ܕܦܩܕ ܡܐ × ܕܘܟܝܟ ܠܛܒ ܩܘܪܒܢܟ ܘܩܪܝܒ CodexB
ܡܘܫܐ ܕܦܩܝ݂ܕ ܡܐ × ܕܟܘ݁ܝܟ ܠܛܒ ܩܘܪܒܢܟ ܘܩ݁ܪܒ݂ CodexA
ܡܘܫܐ ܕܦܩܕ ܡܐ ܣܝܟ ܕܘܟܝܟ ܠܛܒ ܩܘܪܒܢܟ ܘܩܪܒ CodexC
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לשׂהדו 1 להון

leśahadu 1 lehon

for a testimony to them.”

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[1] Galilean preserves /&iyn/.
× ܠܣܗܕܘܬܗܘܢ܀ P
× ܠܣܗܕܘ⇁ܠܗܘܢ CodexB
ܫܠܡ ܠܣܗܕܘ⇁ܠܗܘܢ CodexA
× ܠܣܗܕܘ⇁ܠܗܘܢ CodexC
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45 But he went out, and began to proclaim it much, and to spread about the matter, so that Jesus could no more openly enter into a city, but was outside in desert places: and they came to him from everywhere.

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6 thoughts on “Mark 1

  1. Peace Steve,

    Good job so far! I have a question and I didn’t think it appropriate to report it as a problem due to uncertainty. I noticed in v.17 you spell “come” – “ethun” with a final nun. This is to my knowledge the spelling of the 3rd p. m. perfect in the Palestinian Talmud. Do you really think this is appropriate for 1st c. Galilean Aramaic? I know that E. Cook holds this to be a later development as lacking in the DSS (see p. 370 of The Aramaic of the Dead Sea Scrolls). It is also interestingly lacking in CPA. I’m curious, what makes you believe it was in 1st c. Galilean Aramaic?

    1. Manuel,

      Good question. 🙂

      You are correct in that this is the way it is spelled in the reliable manuscripts of the Palestinian Talmud, and is also the way it is spelled in the reliable manuscripts of the earliest portions of the Galilean corpus (Kutcher and Sokoloff give a number of good examples). Where Cook does argue against it, pointing to the Dead Sea Scrolls, I do not believe that it is a strong argument due to the nature of the scrolls being exclusively written in Eastern Aramaic. It does occur in early CPA (as cited by Fassberg) but it apparently was later dropped due to Syriac influence, and there is evidence that the final vowel was nazalized in Samaritan, but still written without nun. As such, the convention I have adopted is to include nun in the spelling.

      Peace,
      -Steve

      1. Thanks for the kind response, Steve. Unfortunately I don’t have access to Fassberg, or many of the other good books you refer to, but I appreciate your explanation and reference. If it isn’t too much trouble, why do you use “tuvu” for “repent” in vs.15 and not “tuvun”? Does the final nun not apply to monosyllabic roots?

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