It could be ארם [‘arem] which is not really an Aramaic word in and of itself.
This form could also be the Hebrew name for Aram, the son of Shem.

It could also be ארים [‘areym] from the root רום [rom] which could mean “raised” in the causative (as in something caused to be raised, physically or in tone). But this would be better expressed as מרים [mirîm].

It could be ערם [`eram] which:
In Syriac (ܥܪܡ) could mean “rough spot,” or “scandal” (!) (but this is usually found in the form ܥܪܡܐ [`arma’] in Syriac.

Shem

It could be שם [shem] which means “name,” (which is the most common) but by idiom can mean “title,” “reputation,” (e.g. “good name” or “bad name”) or “authority” (i.e. “in the name of X”).

It could be שם [sham] from the root שום [shom] which means in some dialects “evaluate!” or “identify!” (as an imperative).

Beth

This I believe can be only one thing, which is the word בית [beyth] which means “house” (and associated idioms, like “family,” “structure,” “place.” etc.) or the second letter of the Aramaic alphabet (ב).
In some rarer cases it can mean “between” but that is in Syriac.

Sedal

The only word that jumps into mind for this one is ܣܕܠܐ [sadla’] whose absolute form is ܣܕܠ [sedal]. This, however, is a minority form of a Syriac word for “sandal,” a dialect far too young for Browne’s claims. Furthermore, the much more common form is ܣܢܕܠܐ [sandla’].

Sacrivalian

There is no way that this word is Aramaic.

After many hours of searching through my collections and databases, the closest possible thing I could find is סיקיר בליון [seyqeyr balyon] which means “a sausage-maker’s amulet,” but these two words (since they come from different dialects) have never been historically attested together in this fashion… ever.

That just sounds… Ick.

Ahad

This could either be the word אחד [‘echad] which is Hebrew for “one.”
Or… well I don’t know. That’s really all that comes to mind immediately.
It could be a verbal form